PON system might have different types of problems happening in different parts of network. Location of the problem defines whether all or just several subscribers will affected. Troubleshooting allows

Mainly there are three standards of PON. Table 1 is the extended version from previous article with ODN classes and transmission loss for them. Maximum amount of ONTs for a class depends on many varia

Admission of users to a shared upstream channel with resolution/avoidance of contention is called medium access. It is required for connection-oriented or connectionless communication which are having

PON is developed for different scenarios, which share some standard components. The main components are splitter/coupler and the Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) that are shown in Figure 1. TDM-PON is

Splitter is a passive device that splits optical signal in the downstream direction in 1 x N manner. PON splitter delivers the same signal from OLT to all ONUs/ONTs. Signal is being delivered with the