FTTx network designer should consider possibilities of necessity of parallel fiber for the redundancy purposes. Installation of such solution would increase the reliability, but is it wor

The ONT (Optical Network Termination) is the name for the home receiving equipment, also known as NID (Network Interface Device). Lets imagine the example system, where single fiber is us

Choosing a type of fiber is critical in designing network, either single-mode or multi-mode. Guiding Principles are affecting decision, since scalability and future proofing should be con

Several topologies are being used for the optical fiber cable network that connects CO to CP. These topologies are: Star, Ring (or Bus), and Tree topologies.

The costs involved in the outside plant of FTTx networks are determining the validity of any access technology. Installation and materials have highly big cost per subscriber. By assuming